Answer:
For bacteria to successfully cause disease they must pass through several stages of infection: colonisation, invasion, proliferation and transmission. Whilst in the body, bacteria must also evade constant attack from the immune system. bacterial genomes contain a wide variety of genes encoding virulence determinants that facilitate these processes.
Explanation:
Evasion of the immune system
Throughout the process of infection, bacteria are constantly under attack from cells of the immune system and other environmental stresses.
Proliferation
In order to proliferate (rapidly multiply), bacteria need to obtain the right nutrients. These include iron, sources of carbon such as sugars and phosphates to name a few.
Invasion
Once bacteria have successfully colonised their host, they need a way to invade these tissues in order to proliferate and cause disease.
Colonisation
The ability of bacterial pathogens to colonise us relies on their ability to migrate to an appropriate environment, and the expression of appropriate molecules on their surface for attachment to the host cell.
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