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Nurses routinely use addition, fractions, ratios and algebraic equations each workday to deliver the right amount of medication to their patients or monitor changes in their health. Nursing schools often test new students on their mathematical prowess, requiring a remedial course in medical math if necessary. Even in state-of-the-art medical facilities, successful nurses must have sharp mathematical skills
Calculating Dosages
Nurses with an order to "give 750 mg every 4 hours as needed for pain" may receive 250 mg tablets from the pharmacy, requiring them to calculate the number of pills to administer. They also need to calculate the amount of medicine to give when drawing up liquid medicine for injection. An order to give 7.5 mg must be compared to the vial, which states, "5 mg per cc." Some medication orders require the nurse to calculate the dosage based on the patient's weight.
Converting Between Systems
Most Americans think in terms of household or apothecary measurements: pounds, ounces, Fahrenheit temperature and inches. Measurements in medicine are based on the metric system, however, which requires sharp conversion skills. To provide safe care, pounds must often be converted to kilograms, ounces to cubic centimeters, Fahrenheit to Celsius, and inches to centimeters.
Medication Dosage
Nurses are responsible for ensuring patients receive their medication in the appropriate dose. Administering an incorrect dose means a patient could have severe repercussions or die, and the nurse could lose her job. Using math formulas, nurses calculate how much medication a patient should be given. This includes oral drugs, injectables, IVs and ointments. Nurses use math to calculate how much medicine to give, based on the dose and how much the patient needs.
Measurement Conversion
Nurses must be skilled in calculating conversions. Medication doses need to be consistent, whether administered using the metric system, the apothecary system or using home measurements. Nurses must recognize these measurement systems and be able to accurately convert one measurement to another. They do this by knowing conversion tables by memory and by knowing how to calculate a conversion using the least number of steps.
IV Dosage
Medication or solutions are often administered to patients by intravenous (IV) therapy. Nurses need to know the amount of medication the patient is to receive, the overall time period for administering it and how much medication will be given each hour. They use the information that is known to calculate the rest. Nurses generally calculate the flow rate or drip rate of the IV, determining the exact amount of medication the IV fluid should deliver to the patient during specified intervals.
Mixing Solutions
Some medications must be prepared by a nurse before being administered. An example is medication that requires being reconstituted. Medication is stored in one strength or consistency, and then has to be reconstituted to a diluted form or liquid suspension. The medicine is called the solute, which is then mixed with a solvent. Nurses must be able to calculate how much to mix of each in order to make the correct strength medication.
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