b. MELC: States the thesis statement of an academic text
TOPIC: Thesis Statements
STRESS AND STRAIN
In engineering, stress and strain describe the conditions of a material under varying circumstances. Stress is the material's resistance to external forces, measured in terms of the force exerted per unit of area, and strain is the material's change resulting from those external forces. Every force that acts on a material creates a type of stress, and each stress has an accompanying type of strain. The three basic types of stress are tensile, compressive, and shearing. Tensile stress occurs when a pair of forces act on opposite ends of the material and attempt to pull it apart. The resistance the material offers to this action is known as the tensile stress in the material. Tensile stress is most easily demonstrated by pulling on the ends of a rubber band. The type of stretching (strain) taking place in the rubber band occurs to some degree in all other materials which are this type of force. Compressive stress results from forces pushing in on the ends of a material. A simple example of a compressive force is pressure exerted to push an accordion together. An accordion has only a small compressive stress because the accordion bag offers little resistance to being forced together. Reduction is the length of the material (strain) accompanies a compressive stress. Shearing stress occurs when a force acts downward on a material, causing a piece of it to bend or break off. This type of force, known as shearing force, is resisted by shearing stress. Shearing force and stress can be demonstrated by slicing a loaf of bread. Although amplified by the knife's cutting edge, the force can still be considered a shearing force. Like all other materials, the bread offers resistance (stress) but tends to break (strain) under such force.
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