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2) Why is power so often been thought of as the defining feature of politics? Using examples from the Namibian context to support your answer. (20)

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Answer:

Power: The Engine of Namibian Politics (and Politics Everywhere)

Power is a central concept in politics because it's the underlying force that drives political action and shapes outcomes. Here's why, with Namibian examples:

* **Access and Control:** Political power allows individuals or groups to access resources, make decisions, and influence the lives of others. In Namibia, the ruling party, SWAPO, has held power since independence. This grants them control over policy, budgets, and appointments, impacting everything from education to infrastructure.

* **Competition and Conflict:** Politics is inherently competitive. Different groups with varying interests vie for power to implement their agendas. Namibia's history is marked by the struggle for power between the liberation movement (SWAPO) and the South African apartheid regime. Today, opposition parties compete with SWAPO for power, shaping the national discourse.

* **Legitimacy and Authority:** Power doesn't just come from force; it requires legitimacy. Effective leaders derive power from the consent of the governed. In Namibia, SWAPO's long struggle against apartheid granted them initial legitimacy. However, maintaining power requires addressing citizens' needs and concerns. Recent protests over economic inequality highlight the ongoing struggle for legitimate power.

* **Distribution and Inequality:** Power is rarely evenly distributed. Examining who holds power and who doesn't reveals inequalities in a society. Namibia grapples with the legacy of colonialism, where a small elite controlled vast resources. The ongoing struggle for equitable distribution of wealth and power remains a central political issue.

**Examples:**

* The ongoing debate over land reform in Namibia is a prime example of power dynamics. While the government holds the power to redistribute land, powerful commercial farming interests also exert influence.

* The control of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) illustrates the link between power and resources. Who controls these lucrative entities impacts wealth distribution and economic opportunities for different groups.

By understanding power dynamics, we can better analyze Namibian politics and similar situations worldwide. Power isn't the only factor, but it's the engine that keeps the political machinery running.

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