Answer:
From the choices, the answer is letter A, 21.9 mL.
Explanation:
This problem is an application of the dilution equation in chemistry.
Dilution
Dilution is defined as the process of lowering the concentration of a solute in solution. This process can simply be done by mixing the solution with more solvent.
Solute is the substance in a solution that is being dissolved, while the solvent in a solution is the substance that is used to dissolve the solute.
The dilution equation of solutions is as follows:
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
where
- C₁ is the initial concentration of the solution
- V₁ is the initial volume of the solution
- C₂ is the final concentration of the solution
- V₂ is the final volume of the solution
Molarity
The usual unit of the concentration of a solution is molarity. It is defined to be the moles of solute per liters of solution. In mathematical variable form, molarity is M = [tex]\frac{n}{L}[/tex].
Solving for the problem using the dilution equation, we have,
- C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
- C₁ = 12.0 M
- C₂ = 3.50 M
- V₂ = 75.0 mL
- V₁ = [tex]\frac{(C2)*(V2)}{C1}[/tex]
- V₁ = [tex]\frac{(3.50 M)*(75.0 mL)}{12.0 M}[/tex]
- V₁ = 21.875 mL
- V₁ = 21.9 mL (following scientific notation, round to the nearest tenths)
Therefore, the volume of the 12.0 M HCl required is 21.9 mL.
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