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Which of the following is the same for both hydrogen and potassium? Explain
A. atomic mass
B. total mass of neutrons
C. number of valence electrons
D. number of filled energy levels

Sagot :

indrawboy

Hydrogen and Potassium have the same C. number of valence electrons

Further explanation

In an atom there are levels of energy in the shell and sub shell

This energy level is expressed in the form of electron configurations.

Writing electron configurations starts from the lowest to the highest sub-shell energy level. There are 4 sub-shells in the shell of an atom, namely s, p, d and f. The maximum number of electrons for each sub shell is

  • s: 2 electrons
  • p: 6 electrons
  • d: 10 electrons and
  • f: 14 electrons

Charging electrons in the sub shell uses the following sequence:

1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶, 4s², 3d¹⁰, 4p⁶, 5s², 4d¹⁰, 5p⁶, 6s², etc.

Determination of electron configurations based on principles:

  • 1. Aufbau: Electrons occupy orbitals of the lowest energy level
  • 2 Hund: electrons fill orbitals with the same energy level
  • 3. Pauli: no electrons have the same 4 quantum numbers

 

Hydrogen (with the symbol H) is a non-metallic element located in group 1A with an atomic number 1 and an atomic mass of 1,008 g / mol,

Electron configuration: 1s1

Potassium (with the symbol K) is a metal element located in group 1A with an atomic number 19 and an atomic mass of 39.10 g / mol,

Electron configuration: 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶, 4s¹ or simply [Ar] 4s¹

  • A. atomic mass

The two elements have different atomic masses

H: 1,008 g / mol,

K: 39.10 g / mol

  • B. total mass of neutrons

The Atomic Number (Z) indicates the number of protons in an atom of an element. If the atom is neutral then the number of protons will be equal to the number of electrons. So the atomic number can also indicate the number of electrons.

So atomic number = number of protons = number of electrons

Mass Number (A) is the sum of protons and neutrons

Mass Number (A) = Number of protons + Number of Neutrons

So that the relationship between atomic numbers and mass numbers can be formulated as follows:

Atomic Number (Z) = Mass Number (A) - Number of Neutrons

the mass of each basic particle in atomic mass units is:

electron mass = 9.11.10⁻²⁸ grams

proton mass = 1.6726.10⁻²⁴ grams

neutron mass = 1,675.10⁻²⁴ grams

The number of neutrons in the element H

Mass Number - Atomic Number = 1 - 1 = 0

then the neutron mass of the atom H = 0

The number of elemental neutrons K

Mass Number - Atomic Number = 39.1 - 19 = 20.1

then the neutron mass of the atom K = 20.1 x 1,675.10⁻²⁴ grams = 3.35.10⁻²³ g

So that the two elements have different neutron masses

  • C. number of valence electrons

Valence electrons are electrons in the outer electron shell.

the valence electrons of the H element are 1 (1s1, in the first shell)

While the valence electron element K is also 1 (4s¹, in the fourth shell)

So both have the same valence electron

  • D. number of filled energy levels

The main quantum number (n) indicates the energy level of the orbitals. The greater the value of n, the greater the size of the orbitals and the higher the energy level

Element H only fills 1 sub-shell energy level (in skin K, n = 1)

Whereas the K element fills up to 4 subshell energy levels (on skin N, n = 4)

Learn more

maximum numbers of electrons

https://brainly.ph/question/2089239

electrons in the highest occupied energy level

https://brainly.ph/question/74428

the electron configuration

https://brainly.ph/question/1774237

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