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Answer:
Mayon Volcano is located 300 km South East of Manila in the Philippines. It is 2,460 metres above sea level and has a base circumference of 62.8 km. There have been 45 eruptions recorded since 1616; the last eruption being in February 1993 when 70 people were killed by pyroclastic flow (hot clouds of ash and gas).
As a result of previous eruptions and ash fallout, Mayon volcano is surrounded by rich, fertile soil where rice and crop production predominate. Farmers work the land using carabaos (water buffalo) and also have cattle for milk production. Each farmer usually owns between 1 to 4 animals, which graze on the lower slopes of the volcano.
On 23rd June, Mayon Volcano came to life again and was placed on alert level 5 - eruption in progress. On 24th June lava flows, pyroclastic flows and volcanic ash plumes were emitted from the cone and 46,000 people, mostly farmers, evacuated an area within 8 km of the volcano.
Cattle and buffalo were left behind tethered to trees; however, the majority of these were left outside the 6km permanent danger zone, away from the dangers of lava and pyroclastic flows.
By the 25th June the major eruptions were over, however a 1" to 2" layer of hot black ash had settled in areas as far as 10kms to the north east, north, north west, west and south west of the volcano. This had the effect of scorching vegetation and caused severe damage to important grazing areas.
Many farmers subsequently returned to their villages to tend to their crops and animals, but without supplementary food for the animals, ash was now posing a serious risk to their health - grazing animals easily ingest the ash and sharp, glass like, silicates particles cause inflammation of the mucous membrane which leads to digestive problems, diarrhea and possible death. Inhalation of the ash during the ash fall may also cause respiratory problems and many people were treated for this condition.
Initial Assessment
On 2nd July, at the request of WSPA, Dr. Abe Agulto of the Philippines Society for the Protection of the Animals (PSPA) travelled to affected areas to carry out an assessment. He worked with the Provincial Veterinary Department of Albay and the Local Government. By now the alert level had been reduced to level 4 - eruption imminent.
Dr. Abe Agulto identified 7 villages between 5 and 8km from the volcano crater, which had been affected by ash fall. These villages had an estimated 800 cattle and buffalo between them. During the assessment, Dr Agulto found that rain had provided a little respite, by cleaning vegetation of ash and generating new plant growth. This lowered the risk of further ingestion of contaminated plant materials. However, the level of nutrition for these animals remained low and the risk of illness remained high. Furthermore these animals were expected to continue to work on the land.
A 4-week programme was therefore drawn up to provide relief for these animals in the form of supplementary feed and veterinary treatments. This programme is being funded by WSPA with manpower and logistical support given by the Provincial Veterinary Department of Albay and PSPA.
On 9th July Mike Pugh, WSPA and Dr. Abe Agulto, PSPA travelled to Legaspi, 11km south east of Mayon volcano, in the Province of Albay, to initiate the programme.
Explanation:
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