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I’ve been asked more than once, and I have encountered various people who have expressed confusion regarding Baroque vs. Renaissance art. In fact, despite my several courses in art history and appreciation, it still took me several hours of individual study to really get a grasp of the difference. Most people understand that if a painting or sculpture is made in Europe between 1300 and 1600, it’s likely a Renaissance work. And, if it’s a European work made between 1600 and 1750, then it’s Baroque. But if you don’t know the dates of a work, or if you don’t know the artist or when the artist lived, how can you tell if it’s Baroque or Renaissance?
Well, before we discuss what differentiates the two, let’s look at some similarities between the Baroque and Renaissance art so that we can clearly understand why there is confusion: Both terms (“Renaissance” and “Baroque”) are used to identify two different things regarding pictorial art: the historical era and the artistic style. Both terms refer to decidedly European eras and styles. Both styles are known to excel in portraying realism. Both styles use vivid, evocative pigments, and, what is perhaps most vexing is that, where subject matter is concerned, both eras have strong emphases on topics from the Judeo-Christian Bible or from Greco-Roman mythology. It’s really no wonder that there is confusion of the eras and styles. If you’re one of them, be encouraged; you are far from alone.
As a foundation for learning the difference between these two eras and these two styles, it might be helpful to begin with two key words. A good word for Renaissance art is “stabilize,” while a good one for the Baroque is “dramatize.” One fine way to demonstrate the importance of these two words is to look at art in the 21st-century world of science fiction. Artists who work in the Star Trek and Star Wars franchises also have to be able to demonstrate drama and stability separately.
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