Answer:
Applied Anthropology
The use of anthropological expertise on a very practical level in trying to understand and alleviate human problems such as the impact of a new system of agriculture in a society, the causes of illiteracy among adults in a given group, etc.
Culture
When used in social anthropology, culture does not usually refer to high culture such as literature or the arts. It is taken to mean the sum total of a given people's beliefs, customs, knowledge and technology. These are learned and constitute a dynamic system. This system exists outside the body and is not inherited through biology.
Cultural Anthropology
The term used to describe a style of anthropology linked more with North American than British scholarship, though this distinction may now be breaking down. This style often emphasises the need to focus on the shared meanings which allow members of a community to understand each other and co-operate successfully.
Ethnocentric
An adjective describing the condition of viewing and judging (often in pejorative terms) other cultures and societies according to the (usually taken-for-granted) assumptions of one's own society. By way of contrast, anthropology is concerned not only to highlight our assumptions but also to show that other cultures and societies are different to our own, but not any worse or better.
Ethnography
The recording and analysis of a culture or society, usually based on participant-observation and resulting in a written account of a people, place or institution.
Evolutionary
One meaning of this term refers to the now out-dated notion that societies are organised in terms of how far they have developed in terms of their social and cultural organisation. Some social evolutionists believed that all societies had to pass through certain stages over time as they moved from being simple to complex in their culture and organisation. In biological terms, however, it refers to the more current notion that human populations and other living creatures have genetically adapted to changing environments by descent through random mutation and processes of natural selection.
Functionalism
The anthropological perspective that stresses the need to look at societies as they work and are viable in the present, rather than trying to explain them in terms of their past.
