Apart from wealth in agriculture, forestry and wildlife land, Tanzania is also very rich in minerals such as gold, diamond, iron, coal, nickel, tanzanite, uranium and natural gas. Recently natural offshore gas deposits have been discovered.Diamonds, gold, kaolin, gypsum, tin, and various gemstones, including tanzanite, are mined in Tanzania. Gold is an important resource and the country's most valuable export. There are large exploitable deposits of coal in the southwest, phosphate deposits in Arusha, and nickel in the Kagera region.
Agricultural land is a pillar of the economy of Tanzania. It contributes significantly to both local consumption and export earnings. Farming is based on small scale cultivation. However, large scale production exists for crops such as coffee, rice, wheat, tea, wattle, tobacco, and sisal. Other agricultural products include bananas, pyrethrum, beans, millet, cassava, cashew nuts, cloves, corn, and vegetables.
Tanzania is among countries that have abundant mineral resources. Its minerals are categorized into metallic minerals, gemstones, industrial minerals, energy source minerals, and construction minerals. The metallic minerals found in Tanzania include silver, cobalt, iron ore, gold, graphite, copper, and nickel. A graphite mining operation has been in existence for 40 years at Merelani in Tanzania.
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