johnlancris3
Answered

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What's New
Activity Objective
Investigate the solubility and miscibility of several substances using water as the solvent. Describe what happens at the molecular level for each setup. Lastly, identify the polarity of the substances based on the result of each setup. Materials: 5 plastic cups half-filled with water, 5 ml of denatured alcohol, 5 ml of cooking oil, 5 ml of soy sauce, 5 ml of ethyl alcohol, and 5 ml of shampoo.
Safety Guidelines:
1. Perform this activity on a clean table and with complete materials.

2. Follow the given procedures and do not deviate from the instructions.

3. Clean and dispose of the materials properly after the activity. ​

Sagot :

shinzohea6

Answer:

Generally, the amount of a chemical you can dissolve in a specific solvent is limited. At some point the solution becomes saturated. This means that if you add more of the compound, it will not dissolve anymore and will remain solid instead. This amount is dependent on molecular interactions between the solute and the solvent. In this activity you will investigate how much of various compounds you can dissolve in water. How do you think sugar and salt compare?

Materials

Distilled water

Measuring cup that measures milliliters

Eight glasses or cups that each hold eight ounces

Four spoons

Measuring spoon

Epsom salts (150 grams)

Table salt (50 grams)

Table sugar (cane sugar, 250 grams)

Baking soda (20 grams)

Scale that measures grams

Marker

Masking tape

Paper

Pen

Thermometer (optional)

Preparation

Using the marker and masking tape label two cups for each compound: “table salt,” “table sugar,” “baking soda” and “Epsom salts.”

Into one table salt cup measure 50 grams of salt.

Into one table sugar cup measure 250 grams of sugar.

Into one baking soda cup measure 20 grams of baking soda.

Into one Epsom salts cup measure 150 grams of Epsom salts.

For each cup weigh it and write down the mass (weight).

Add 100 milliliters of distilled water into each cup. Use the measuring cup to make sure each cup has the same amount of water. The water should be at room temperature and the same for all cups. You can use a thermometer to verify that.

Explanation:

Observations and results:

Did all of your tested compounds dissolve in distilled water?

They should have—but to different extents. Water in general is a very good solvent and is able to dissolve lots of different compounds. This is because it can interact with a lot of different molecules. You should have noticed sugar had the highest solubility of all your tested compounds (about 200 grams per 100 milliliters of water) followed by Epsom salts (about 115 grams/100 milliliters) table salt (about 35 grams/100 milliliters) and baking soda (almost 10 grams/100 milliliters).

This is because each of these compounds has different chemical and physical properties based on their different molecular structures. They are all made of different chemical elements and have been formed by different types of bonds. Depending on this structure it is more or less difficult for the water molecules to break these bonds and form new ones with the solute molecules in order to dissolve them into a solution.

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